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Several fragments belonging to Annals of Amenemhat II are coming from Memphis in Egypt. They are an important historical document for the reign of the Ancient Egyptian king Amenemhat II (about 1929–1895 BC), but also for the history of Ancient Egypt and understanding kingship in general. A first fragment of these annals was found in 1908 at Memphis, by excavations under Flinders Petrie. The fragment was published in year 1909.〔 W.M. Flinders Petrie, with a chapter by J.H. Walker. ''Memphis I''. London 1909, pl. V〕 A second and much bigger fragment was discovered by Gerhard Haeny and raised in 1974 by Sami Farag, who was at this time director for Egyptian antiquities in Memphis and Saqqara. It was found under the base of a colossal statue of king Ramses II and was used there as supporting stone. The latter fragment is high, wide and about thick.〔Hartwig Altenmüller: ''Zwei Annalenfragmente aus dem frühen Mittleren Reich'', Hamburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-87548-712-1, 4〕 The fragment contains the remains of 41 columns describing events in the reign of king Amenemhat II. A high number of these ''events'' are reports of offerings made to different deities and temples all around the country. However, there appear also military enterprises. In column 7 there is mentioned the sending of a mission to the Lebanon. In the following column there is a report of another mission to Asia ''for destroying Iuaa''.〔Altenmüller: ''Zwei Annalenfragmente'', 26-28〕 In column 9/10 appears a report of the coming of people from Kush (Nubia) and Ubatsepet. The latter place is otherwise only rarely attested but might be south of Nubia. The people brought tributes, such as plants, incense, gold, weapons, but also head rests and even wigs.〔Altenmüller: ''Zwei Annalenfragmente'', 34-45〕 In column 12 is mentioned the coming of the ''children of the ruler'' from Asia. They bring tributes to Egypt.〔Altenmüller: ''Zwei Annalenfragmente'', 45〕 Column 18 reports the destruction of the Asian towns Iuai and Iasy and the bringing of 1554 prisoners to Egypt.〔Altenmüller: ''Zwei Annalenfragmente'', 67-71〕 Then, in column 25 is mentioned that the prisoners were placed in the pyramid town Sekhem-Amenemhat (perhaps the name of Amenemhat II's pyramid town), most likely for building the White Pyramid.〔Altenmüller: ''Zwei Annalenfragmente'', 116-117〕 Column 13/14 reports the return of an expedition from the Sinai. The main material brought back was turquoise, but also other minrals (most of the Egyptian words in the text are not yet identified) and Petrified wood. There are several expeditions to the Sinai known, that date under Amenemhat II. For several reasons it seems most likely that these one is that datable to year 29 of the king, providing a dating ofthe events mentioned on this fragment of the stone.〔Altenmüller: ''Zwei Annalenfragmente'', 49-54〕 In column 23 there is a report of the king being in the Fayum for catching birds. This is almost the only time that the king appears in the text as main person acting. The catching of birds has most likely a ritual function.〔Altenmüller: ''Zwei Annalenfragmente'', 101-108〕 The dating of the annals within the reign of king Amenemhat II is uncertain. There is no year dating within the preserved texts. There are otherwise only a few indications. In column 10 appears the statue of the ''overseer of marshland dwellers'' Ameny. This person is also known from a rock inscription in Southern Egypt, dated to year 43 of Senusret I. On the fragment found by Petrie appears a statue of the vizier Ameny. Till year 8 of Amenemhat II, there was the vizier Senusret in office. Therefore, this part of the inscription must relate to events after year 8, as the vizier Ameny must have been in office after year 8. On the other side there are events mentioned that might relate to the sed festival of the king, that happened around year 30 of the king's reign.〔Altenmüller: ''Zwei Annalenfragmente'', 286〕 It is not known where these annals were once placed. It seems possible that they once decorated the funerary temple of Amenemhat II at his pyramid at Dahshur.〔Altenmüller: ''Zwei Annalenfragmente'', 282-83〕 == References == 〔 == Weblinks == *(Annals of Amenemhat II ) (the fragment found by Petrie) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Annals of Amenemhat II」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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